New advances in invasive aspergillosis immunobiology leading the way towards personalized therapeutic approaches
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) stays a devastating illness in immune compromised sufferers regardless of vital advances in our understanding of fungal virulence and host protection mechanisms. On this evaluate, we summarize vital analysis advances within the combat in opposition to IA with specific concentrate on early occasions within the interactions between Aspergillus fumigatus and the host that happen within the respiratory tract.
Advances in understanding mechanisms of immune effector cell recruitment, antifungal effector mechanisms, and the way the dynamic host-fungal interplay alters the native microenvironment to impact outcomes are highlighted.
These advances illustrate thrilling new therapeutic alternatives, but in addition emphasize the significance of understanding every distinctive fungus-host interplay for enhancing affected person outcomes.
The Immunobiology and scientific options of sort 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-1)
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome sort 1 (APS-1) is a subtype of the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome characterised by the simultaneous or sequential dysfunction of a number of endocrine or non-endocrine glands.
A scientific analysis of APS-1 is usually primarily based on the presence of not less than two of three following standards: continual mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency.
The primary recognized causative mutated gene for APS-1 is autoimmune regulator (AIRE) encoding a crucial transcription issue, which is primarily expressed within the medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) for producing central immune tolerance. A variety of continual, debilitating issues, with no apparent correlation with genetics, makes a analysis of APS-1 difficult early within the illness course.
Managing APS-1 is troublesome as a result of its complexity, particularly the intricate relationships inside manifestations and genetic mutations. The previous a long time have witnessed dramatic progress in elucidating the perform of AIRE and conducting large-scale cohort research in APS-1. Nonetheless, no clear evidence-based tips have been established in APS-1.
On this evaluate, we offer an in depth crucial overview of the examine historical past, epidemiology, scientific options, and associated mechanisms of autoimmunity in APS-1, in addition to presently out there therapies for this autoimmune dysfunction.
Twin requirement for STAT signaling in dendritic cell immunobiology
Dendritic cells (DC) signify a gorgeous goal for therapeutic manipulation of the immune system and enhancement of inadequate immune response in most cancers. STAT members of the family play key roles within the differentiation and activation of DC, a characteristic that’s presently being exploited in DC-based therapies.
- We beforehand reported that the small-molecule Stattic, initially developed as a STAT3-specific inhibitor, additionally inhibits STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation in DC uncovered to cytokines or LPS.
- Purpose of this examine was to research the useful penalties of in vitro remedy with Stattic on DC immunobiology. Apparently, we noticed an reverse impact of Stattic on DC immunophenotype relying on the activation state.
- Whereas the expression of costimulatory, coinhibitory, MHC class II and CD83 molecules was enhanced in immature DC uncovered to Stattic, the LPS induced up-modulation of those molecules was strongly repressed.
- An efficient blockade of LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and capability to stimulate a Th1 polarization was additionally noticed within the presence of Stattic. Our outcomes point out that the immunological penalties of STAT inhibition in DC range relying on the cell activation state.
- This data is of relevance for anticipating potential results of STAT-targeted therapeutics, and pursuing selective DC manipulation in scientific purposes.
Immunobiology of Lengthy Noncoding RNAs.
The invention of lengthy noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) has supplied a brand new perspective on gene regulation in various organic contexts. lncRNAs are remarkably versatile molecules that work together with RNA, DNA, or proteins to advertise or restrain the expression of protein-coding genes.
Activation of immune cells is related to dynamic modifications in expression of genes, the merchandise of which fight infectious microorganisms, provoke restore, and resolve inflammatory responses in cells and tissues.
Latest proof signifies that lncRNAs play vital roles in directing the event of various immune cells and controlling the dynamic transcriptional applications which are a trademark of immune cell activation.
The significance of those molecules is underscored by their newly acknowledged roles in inflammatory ailments. On this evaluate, we talk about the contribution of lncRNAs within the growth and activation of immune cells and their roles in immune-related ailments. We additionally talk about challenges confronted in figuring out organic capabilities for this massive and sophisticated class of genes.
Pathobiology and Immunobiology of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Insights from Animal Fashions
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a uncommon however sight-threatening illness attributable to pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba. Regardless of its ubiquitous nature, the incidence of AK is comparatively low in comparison with different types of infectious keratitis.
Though contact lens put on is a significant danger issue, publicity to contaminated water and ocular trauma are additionally related to AK. As soon as a affected person develops AK the prognosis may be very poor except an aggressive remedy routine is initiated early.
A few of the intriguing options of AK are the shortage of immunological reminiscence, resistance of the dormant cyst kind to remedy, variations between the pathogenic strains and soil isolates of Acanthamoeba and the distinctive function of the innate immune system in controlling this illness.
Understanding the collection of steps concerned within the pathogenesis of the illness and the host immune response in opposition to Acanthamoeba antigens is essential for growing efficient therapeutic methods concentrating on the illness.
Intracellular metabolism is central to cell exercise and performance. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that specific the transcription issue FOXP3 play a pivotal function within the upkeep of immune tolerance to self.
Latest research confirmed that the metabolism and performance of Tregs are influenced considerably by native environmental situations and the supply of sure metabolites. It additionally was reported that outlined metabolic applications affiliate with Treg differentiation, expression of FOXP3, and phenotype stabilization.
This text evaluations how metabolism modulates FOXP3 expression and Treg perform, what environmental components are concerned, and the way metabolic manipulation might alter Treg frequency and performance in physiopathologic situations.
It has been proposed’ that gene-regulatory circuits with nearly any desired property may be constructed from networks of easy regulatory parts. These properties, which embody multistability and oscillations, have been present in specialised gene circuits such because the bacteriophage lambda swap and the Cyanobacteria circadian oscillator.
Nonetheless, these behaviours haven’t been demonstrated in networks of non-specialized regulatory elements. Right here we current the development of a genetic toggle switch-a artificial, bistable gene-regulatory network-in Escherichia coli and supply a easy idea that predicts the situations crucial for bistability.
The toggle is constructed from any two repressible promoters organized in a mutually inhibitory community. It’s flipped between secure states utilizing transient chemical or thermal induction and displays a virtually superb switching threshold. As a sensible machine, the toggle swap varieties an artificial, addressable mobile reminiscence unit and has implications for biotechnology, biocomputing and gene remedy.
 FluoroQuestâ„¢ Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| 20007 | AAT Bioquest | 5mL | EUR 112 |
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Description: FluoroQuestâ„¢ Antifade Mounting Medium is a specialized and stable formula that effectively preserves fluorescence by preventing rapid photobleaching of fluorescent proteins and dyes. |
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FluoroQuestâ„¢ Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| 20007-5mL | AAT Bioquest | 5 mL | EUR 109 |
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Description: FluoroQuestâ„¢ Antifade Mounting Medium is a specialized and stable formula that effectively preserves fluorescence by preventing rapid photobleaching of fluorescent proteins and dyes. |
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) FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 37.28 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH060 | ScyTek Laboratories | 60 ml | EUR 52.72 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 222.42 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 385.71 |
 FluoroQuestâ„¢ Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20004 | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 112 |
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Description: FluoroQuest™ with DAPI is an aqueous mounting medium for preserving fluorescence of tissue and cell smears. |
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FluoroQuestâ„¢ Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20004-50mL | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 109 |
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Description: FluoroQuest™ with DAPI is an aqueous mounting medium for preserving fluorescence of tissue and cell smears. |
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 REMBRANDT® Fluorescent mounting medium |
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| Z000R.0050 | Panpath | 1ml | EUR 16 |
 FluoroQuestâ„¢ PLUS Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| 20008 | AAT Bioquest | 5mL | EUR 132 |
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Description: FluoroQuestâ„¢ PLUS Antifade Mounting Medium, the latest breakthrough in non-setting media technology, provides unparalleled protection against fading throughout the visible spectrum, including far-red wavelengths. |
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FluoroQuestâ„¢ PLUS Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| 20008-5mL | AAT Bioquest | 5 mL | EUR 129 |
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Description: FluoroQuestâ„¢ PLUS Antifade Mounting Medium, the latest breakthrough in non-setting media technology, provides unparalleled protection against fading throughout the visible spectrum, including far-red wavelengths. |
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 Fluorescent Mounting Medium with PI, 18 ml |
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| E20-18 | IHC World | - | EUR 132 |
 Mounting Medium |
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| 4300 | Virostat | 3 ml | EUR 140 |
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Description: (non-fading) |
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Mounting Medium |
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| MBS320454-01mg | MyBiosource | 0.1mg | EUR 230 |
Mounting Medium |
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| MBS320454-5x01mg | MyBiosource | 5x0.1mg | EUR 945 |
 Fluorescent Mounting Medium with DAPI, 18 ml |
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| E19-18 | IHC World | - | EUR 100 |
 FluoroQuestâ„¢ Anti-fading Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20005 | AAT Bioquest | 20 mL | EUR 216 |
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Description: FluoroQuest™ with DAPI is an aqueous mounting medium for preserving fluorescence of tissue and cell smears. |
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FluoroQuestâ„¢ Anti-fading Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20005-20mL | AAT Bioquest | 20 mL | EUR 211 |
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Description: FluoroQuest™ with DAPI is an aqueous mounting medium for preserving fluorescence of tissue and cell smears. |
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 Pertex Mounting Medium |
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| RRSP008-01 | Atom Scientific | 1L | EUR 42.08 |
Pertex Mounting Medium |
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| RRSP008-11 | Atom Scientific | 500ml | EUR 27.33 |
 Aqueous Mounting Medium |
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| AR1018 | BosterBio | 10mL X5 (Enough for 800-1200 assays) | EUR 96 |
 Glycerol mounting medium |
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| AR-6508-01 | ImmunoBioscience | 30 ml | EUR 52.15 |
Glycerol mounting medium |
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| AR-6508-02 | ImmunoBioscience | 100 ml | EUR 104.3 |
 Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| AR1109 | BosterBio | 10mL (for 1000 assays) | EUR 78 |
 SuperMOUNT? Mounting Medium |
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| 1211-20 | Biovision | each | EUR 241.2 |
 PT Mount - Mounting Medium |
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| PTM100 | ScyTek Laboratories | 100 ml | EUR 32.41 |
PT Mount - Mounting Medium |
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| PTM500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 74.09 |
 PlastiMount - Mounting Medium |
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| PMM100 | ScyTek Laboratories | 100 ml | EUR 32.41 |
PlastiMount - Mounting Medium |
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| PMM500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 74.09 |
 Anti-Fade Mounting Medium |
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| abx090692-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | EUR 137.5 |
Anti-Fade Mounting Medium |
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| abx090692-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 243.6 |
Anti-Fade Mounting Medium |
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| abx090692-1ml | Abbexa | 1 ml | Ask for price |
Anti-Fade Mounting Medium |
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| abx090692-200l | Abbexa | 200 µl | Ask for price |
 EverBrite™ Mounting Medium |
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| 23001-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 153 |
 ISH Mounting Medium, 18 ml |
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| E21-18 | IHC World | - | EUR 78.4 |
 Mounting Medium, Organic, BioAssay |
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| MBS635281-15mL | MyBiosource | 15mL | EUR 340 |
Mounting Medium, Organic, BioAssay |
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| MBS635281-5x15mL | MyBiosource | 5x15mL | EUR 1370 |
 PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM |
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| MBS239099-100mL | MyBiosource | 100mL | EUR 410 |
PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM |
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| MBS239099-5x100mL | MyBiosource | 5x100mL | EUR 1665 |
PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM |
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| MBS239106-30mL | MyBiosource | 30mL | EUR 250 |
PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM |
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| MBS239106-5x30mL | MyBiosource | 5x30mL | EUR 960 |
PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM |
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| MBS239108-250mL | MyBiosource | 250mL | EUR 735 |
PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM |
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| MBS239108-5x250mL | MyBiosource | 5x250mL | EUR 3145 |
 Glycerol mounting medium with DABCO |
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| AR-6509-01 | ImmunoBioscience | 30 ml | EUR 60.05 |
Glycerol mounting medium with DABCO |
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| AR-6509-02 | ImmunoBioscience | 100ml | EUR 151.2 |
 EverBrite™ Hardset Mounting Medium |
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| 23003-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 172 |
) Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With PI) |
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| abx090691-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | EUR 137.5 |
Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With PI) |
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| abx090691-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 243.6 |
Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With PI) |
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| abx090691-1ml | Abbexa | 1 ml | Ask for price |
Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With PI) |
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| abx090691-200l | Abbexa | 200 µl | Ask for price |
) Anti-fade Mounting Medium (With PI) |
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| MBS355740-10mL | MyBiosource | 10mL | EUR 180 |
Anti-fade Mounting Medium (With PI) |
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| MBS355740-5x10mL | MyBiosource | 5x10mL | EUR 515 |
 PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM Reagent |
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| GWB-Q00293 | GenWay Biotech | 30 ml | Ask for price |
PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM Reagent |
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| GWB-Q00294 | GenWay Biotech | 100 ml | Ask for price |
PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM Reagent |
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| GWB-Q00295 | GenWay Biotech | 250 ml | Ask for price |
) Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With DAPI) |
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| abx090690-100l | Abbexa | 100 µl | EUR 137.5 |
Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With DAPI) |
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| abx090690-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 243.6 |
Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With DAPI) |
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| abx090690-1ml | Abbexa | 1 ml | Ask for price |
Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With DAPI) |
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| abx090690-200l | Abbexa | 200 µl | Ask for price |
) Anti-fade Mounting Medium (With DAPI) |
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| MBS355738-10mL | MyBiosource | 10mL | EUR 180 |
Anti-fade Mounting Medium (With DAPI) |
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| MBS355738-5x10mL | MyBiosource | 5x10mL | EUR 515 |
 EverBrite™ Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 23002-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 172 |
 SuperKine Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| MBS9719197-10mL | MyBiosource | 10mL | EUR 100 |
SuperKine Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| MBS9719197-5x10mL | MyBiosource | 5x10mL | EUR 405 |
 Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| MBS9719255-10mL | MyBiosource | 10mL | EUR 115 |
Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| MBS9719255-50mL | MyBiosource | 50mL | EUR 140 |
Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| MBS9719255-5x10mL | MyBiosource | 5x10mL | EUR 500 |
Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| MBS9719255-5x50mL | MyBiosource | 5x50mL | EUR 615 |
 EverBrite TrueBlack® Hardset Mounting Medium |
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| 23017-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 304 |
EverBrite TrueBlack® Hardset Mounting Medium |
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| 23017-T | Biotium | 1ML | EUR 81 |
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Description: N/A |
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EverBrite TrueBlack® Hardset Mounting Medium |
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| 23017-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 81 |
 SuperKine™ Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| BMU104-EN-10mL | Abbkine | 10 mL | EUR 39 |
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Description: SuperKine™ Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium is compatible with a wide range of fluorescent dyes and protects the entire visible and infrared spectrum from fluorescence signal quenching. |
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SuperKine™ Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| BMU104-EN-50mL | Abbkine | 50 mL | EUR 69 |
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Description: SuperKine™ Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium is compatible with a wide range of fluorescent dyes and protects the entire visible and infrared spectrum from fluorescence signal quenching. |
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SuperKine™ Enhanced Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| BMU104-EN-each | Abbkine | each | Ask for price |
 Glycerol mounting medium with DAPI and DABCO |
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| AR-6510-01 | ImmunoBioscience | 20 ml | EUR 68.05 |
Glycerol mounting medium with DAPI and DABCO |
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| AR-6510-02 | ImmunoBioscience | 100 ml | EUR 207.2 |
 Drop-n-Stain EverBrite™ Mounting Medium |
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| 23008-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 154 |
Drop-n-Stain EverBrite™ Mounting Medium |
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| 23008-T | Biotium | 1ML | EUR 39 |
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Description: N/A |
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Drop-n-Stain EverBrite™ Mounting Medium |
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| 23008-T-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 39 |
 FluoroQuestâ„¢ TSA/PSA Antifade Mounting Medium *Optimized for Tyramide and Styramide Imaging* |
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| 44890 | AAT Bioquest | 5mL | EUR 112 |
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Description: FluoroQuestâ„¢ TSA/PSA Antifade Mounting Medium is the only mouitng medium that is optimized for tyramide (TSA) and styramide (PSA)-based fluorescence imaging applications. |
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 OOSA09601-30ML - PERMANENT AQUEOUS MOUNTING MEDIUM |
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| OOSA09601-30ML | Aviva Systems Biology | 30ml | EUR 189 |
 EverBrite™ Hardset Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 23004-1 | Biotium | EA | EUR 194 |
