Modular Approaches to Understand the Immunobiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Latency
Regardless of advances in slowing the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), there isn’t a viable treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The problem towards a treatment is principally the formation and upkeep of a latent reservoir of cells that harbor the virus in each replication-competent and replication-defective states.
This small area of interest of quiescent cells has been recognized to reside primarily in quiescent and reminiscence CD4+ T cells, however parameters that might reliably distinguish an contaminated T cell from an uninfected one, if any, are usually not clear. As well as, the migratory properties and particular anatomical reservoirs of latent T cells are tough to measure at a excessive decision in people. A useful treatment of HIV would require focusing on this inhabitants utilizing modern new scientific methods.
One constraint towards the empirical improvement of such approaches is the absence of a local small animal mannequin for AIDS. Since HIV doesn’t effectively infect murine cells, probing molecular-genetic questions involving latently contaminated T cells homing to deep tissue websites, interacting with stroma and persisting by way of completely different therapy regimens, is difficult.
The objective of this text is to debate how inspecting the dynamics of T cells in mouse fashions can present a framework for successfully learning these questions, even with out infecting mice with HIV. The inflammatory and cytokine milieu present in early human HIV infections are being more and more understood on account of scientific measurements.
Mouse research that recreate this milieu can doubtlessly be used to subsequently map the destiny of T cells activated on this context in addition to their migratory routes. In essence, such a framework may permit complementary research in mice to reinforce our understanding of facets of the biology of HIV latency. This may be the idea of a modular method to small animal HIV modeling, amenable to preclinical healing technique improvement.
Widespread Denominators within the Immunobiology of IgG4 Autoimmune Illnesses: What Do Glomerulonephritis, Pemphigus Vulgaris, Myasthenia Gravis, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Autoimmune Encephalitis Have in Widespread?
IgG4 autoimmune illnesses (IgG4-AID) are an rising group of autoimmune illnesses which might be attributable to pathogenic autoantibodies of the IgG4 subclass. It has solely not too long ago been appreciated, that members of this group share related immunobiological and therapeutic facets despite the fact that completely different antigens, tissues and organs are affected: glomerulonephritis (kidney), pemphigus vulgaris (pores and skin), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (hematologic system) muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) in myasthenia gravis (peripheral nervous system) and autoimmune encephalitis (central nervous system) to provide some examples.
In all these illnesses, sufferers’ IgG4 subclass autoantibodies block protein-protein interactions as a substitute of inflicting complement mediated tissue harm, sufferers reply favorably to rituximab and share a genetic predisposition: a minimum of 5 HLA class II genes have been reported in particular person research to be related to a number of completely different IgG4-AID.
This means a task for the HLA class II area and particularly the DRβ1 chain for aberrant priming of autoreactive T-cells towards a continual immune response skewed towards the manufacturing of IgG4 subclass autoantibodies.
The intention of this assessment is to offer an replace on findings arguing for a standard pathogenic mechanism in IgG4-AID in normal and to offer hypotheses concerning the position of distinct HLA haplotypes, T-cells and cytokines in IgG4-AID.
Immunobiology and Software of Aloe Vera-Primarily based Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering
Aloe vera (AV), a succulent plant belonging to the Liliaceae household, has been broadly used for biomedical and pharmaceutical software. Its reputation stems from a number of of its bioactive elements which have anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and even immunomodulatory results.
Given such distinctive multi-modal organic influence, AV has been thought-about as a biomaterial for regenerative medication and tissue engineering functions, the place tissue restore and neo-angiogenesis are very important.
This assessment outlines the rising scientific proof that demonstrates the benefit of AV as tissue engineering scaffolds. We significantly spotlight the latest advances within the software of AV-based scaffolds.
From a tissue engineering perspective, it’s pivotal that the implanted scaffolds strike an acceptable international physique response to be well-accepted within the physique with out problems. Herein, we spotlight the important thing mobile processes that regulate the international physique response to implanted scaffolds and underline the immunomodulatory results incurred by AV on the innate and adaptive system.
Provided that AV has a number of helpful elements, we talk about the significance of delving deeper into uncovering its motion mechanism and thereby enhancing materials design methods for higher tissue engineering constructs for biomedical functions.
Immunobiology of Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Implications for Immunotherapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are a bunch of uncommon thoracic malignancies, together with thymic carcinomas (TC) and thymomas (Tm). Autoimmune paraneoplastic illnesses are sometimes noticed in TETs, particularly Tms.
- Thus far, chemotherapy continues to be the usual therapy for superior illness. Sadly, few therapeutic choices can be found for relapsed/refractory TETs.
- In the previous couple of years, the deepening of data on thymus’ immunobiology and concerned altered genetic pathways have laid the muse for brand spanking new therapy choices in these uncommon neoplasms.
- Just lately, the immunotherapy revolution has landed in TETs, displaying each a darkish and lightweight facet. Certainly, regardless of the survival profit, the prevalence of extreme autoimmune treatment-related hostile occasions has risen crescent uncertainty concerning the feasibility of immunotherapy in these sufferers, susceptible to autoimmunity for his or her most cancers biology.
- On this assessment, after summarizing immunobiology and immunopathology of TETs, we talk about out there information on immune-checkpoint inhibitors and future views of this therapeutic technique.
 anti- 6*His, His-Tag antibody |
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| FNab00009 | FN Test | 100µg | EUR 505.25 |
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Description: Antibody raised against 6*His, His-Tag |
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 anti- 6*his,His tag antibody |
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| FNab00010 | FN Test | 100µg | EUR 505.25 |
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Description: Antibody raised against 6*his,His tag |
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 6X His tag monoclonal antibody |
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| FNSA-0019 | FN Test | 500 uL | EUR 341.4 |
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Description: 6X His tag monoclonal antibody secondary antibody |
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 (His tag)) PDHE2 protein (GST tag) (His tag) |
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| 80-1378 | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 565 |
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Description: PDHE2 protein (GST tag) (His tag) |
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 (His tag)) SLA protein (GST tag) (His tag) |
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| 80-1380 | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 597 |
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Description: Purified recombinant SLA protein (GST tag) (His tag) |
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 (His tag)) TROVE2 protein (GST tag) (His tag) |
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| 80-1383 | Fitzgerald | 1 mg | EUR 619 |
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Description: Purified recombinant TROVE2 (Ro60) protein (GST tag) (His tag) |
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 ELISA Test Kit) Tetrodotoxin (TTX) ELISA Test Kit |
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| DEIANJ48 | Creative Diagnostics | 96T | EUR 1625 |
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Description: This test kit is for the quantitative detection of Tetrodotoxin in the tissue, liver, fish. |
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 Cas9 Protein and T7 gRNA SmartNuclease Synthesis Kit |
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| CAS400A-KIT | SBI | 1 kit (10 rxn) | EUR 1110 |
) MB protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1634 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human MB protein |
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) MAP1LC3B protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1635 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 349 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human MAP1LC3B protein |
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) RAB7A protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1636 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human RAB7A protein |
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) Ecotin protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1637 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant E.coli Ecotin protein |
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) AIF1L protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1638 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human AIF1L protein |
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) AK4 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1639 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human AK4 protein |
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) BDH2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1640 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human BDH2 protein |
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) BPNT1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1641 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human BPNT1 protein |
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) DCUN1D1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1642 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human DCUN1D1 protein |
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) GABARAPL2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1643 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human GABARAPL2 protein |
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) GCA protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1644 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human GCA protein |
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) GGCT protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1645 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human GGCT protein |
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) GRAP2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1646 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human GRAP2 protein |
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) NME3 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1647 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human NME3 protein |
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) NUDT2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1648 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human NUDT2 protein |
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) RAP1B protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1649 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human RAP1B protein |
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) TXNL1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1650 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human TXNL1 protein |
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) PFDN4 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1651 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human PFDN4 protein |
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) UBE2K protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1652 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human UBE2K protein |
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) NCALD protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1653 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human NCALD protein |
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) DDIT4 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1654 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human DDIT4 protein |
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) TFAM protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1655 | Fitzgerald | 10 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human TFAM protein |
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) TAF9 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1656 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human TAF9 protein |
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) SUGT1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1657 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human SUGT1 protein |
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) RAB1A protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1658 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human RAB1A protein |
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) PPP3R1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1659 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human PPP3R1 protein |
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) EIF1AY protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1660 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human EIF1AY protein |
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) ATG5 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1661 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human ATG5 protein |
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) FADH1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1662 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human FADH1 protein |
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) PEF1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1663 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human PEF1 protein |
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) MLF1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1664 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human MLF1 protein |
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) RAB21 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1665 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human RAB21 protein |
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) LCN2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1666 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human LCN2 protein |
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) CIB2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1667 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human CIB2 protein |
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) NMT2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1668 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human NMT2 protein |
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) DNAJC19 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1669 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human DNAJC19 protein |
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) DHFR protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1670 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant mouse DHFR protein |
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) IMPA2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1671 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human IMPA2 protein |
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) BCAS2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1672 | Fitzgerald | 10 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human BCAS2 protein |
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) BLNK protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1673 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human BLNK protein |
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) CCL3L1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1674 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human CCL3L1 protein |
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) CCL20 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1675 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human CCL20 protein |
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) RAB6B protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1676 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human RAB6B protein |
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) SNRPE protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1677 | Fitzgerald | 10 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human SNRPE protein |
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) SF3B14 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1678 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human SF3B14 protein |
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) RERG protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1679 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human RERG protein |
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) NUDT3 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1680 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human NUDT3 protein |
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) MYL9 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1681 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human MYL9 protein |
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) CAPS protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1682 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human CAPS protein |
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) RPS14 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1683 | Fitzgerald | 10 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human RPS14 protein |
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) LYPLA2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1684 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human LYPLA2 protein |
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) ENOPH1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1685 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human ENOPH1 protein |
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) ACYP1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1686 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human ACYP1 protein |
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) BATF protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1687 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human BATF protein |
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) CCL14 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1688 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human CCL14 protein |
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) eFIMC protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1689 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant E.coli eFIMC protein |
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) ERH protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1690 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human ERH protein |
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) MESDC2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1691 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human MESDC2 protein |
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) NUDT16L1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1692 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human NUDT16L1 protein |
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) NUDT21 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1693 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human NUDT21 protein |
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) RBP7 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1694 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human RBP7 protein |
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) SNRPD2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1695 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human SNRPD2 protein |
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) TAGLN2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1696 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human TAGLN2 protein |
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) TDO2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1697 | Fitzgerald | 10 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human TDO2 protein |
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) UFM1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1698 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human UFM1 protein |
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) SRI protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1699 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human SRI protein |
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) HDHD3 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1701 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human HDHD3 protein |
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) BCKDHA protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1702 | Fitzgerald | 10 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human BCKDHA protein |
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) CDC25A protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1703 | Fitzgerald | 10 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human CDC25A protein |
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) EEF1B2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1704 | Fitzgerald | 10 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human EEF1B2 protein |
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) CCL1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1705 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human CCL1 protein |
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) KDSR protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1706 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human KDSR protein |
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) S100A2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1707 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human S100A2 protein |
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) TSTD1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1708 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human TSTD1 protein |
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) MSRB3 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1709 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human MSRB3 protein |
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) BAG2 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1710 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human BAG2 protein |
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) AKR1D1 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1711 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human AKR1D1 protein |
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) AES protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1712 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human AES protein |
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) EEF1D protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1713 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human EEF1D protein |
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) MYL6 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1714 | Fitzgerald | 50 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human MYL6 protein |
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) S100A5 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1715 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 397 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human S100A5 protein |
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) S100A10 protein (His tag) |
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| 80R-1716 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 305 |
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Description: Purified recombinant Human S100A10 protein |
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