New advances in invasive aspergillosis immunobiology leading the way towards personalized therapeutic approaches
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) stays a devastating illness in immune compromised sufferers regardless of vital advances in our understanding of fungal virulence and host protection mechanisms. On this evaluate, we summarize vital analysis advances within the combat in opposition to IA with specific concentrate on early occasions within the interactions between Aspergillus fumigatus and the host that happen within the respiratory tract.
Advances in understanding mechanisms of immune effector cell recruitment, antifungal effector mechanisms, and the way the dynamic host-fungal interplay alters the native microenvironment to impact outcomes are highlighted.
These advances illustrate thrilling new therapeutic alternatives, but in addition emphasize the significance of understanding every distinctive fungus-host interplay for enhancing affected person outcomes.
The Immunobiology and scientific options of sort 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-1)
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome sort 1 (APS-1) is a subtype of the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome characterised by the simultaneous or sequential dysfunction of a number of endocrine or non-endocrine glands.
A scientific analysis of APS-1 is usually primarily based on the presence of not less than two of three following standards: continual mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency.
The primary recognized causative mutated gene for APS-1 is autoimmune regulator (AIRE) encoding a crucial transcription issue, which is primarily expressed within the medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) for producing central immune tolerance. A variety of continual, debilitating issues, with no apparent correlation with genetics, makes a analysis of APS-1 difficult early within the illness course.
Managing APS-1 is troublesome as a result of its complexity, particularly the intricate relationships inside manifestations and genetic mutations. The previous a long time have witnessed dramatic progress in elucidating the perform of AIRE and conducting large-scale cohort research in APS-1. Nonetheless, no clear evidence-based tips have been established in APS-1.
On this evaluate, we offer an in depth crucial overview of the examine historical past, epidemiology, scientific options, and associated mechanisms of autoimmunity in APS-1, in addition to presently out there therapies for this autoimmune dysfunction.
Twin requirement for STAT signaling in dendritic cell immunobiology
Dendritic cells (DC) signify a gorgeous goal for therapeutic manipulation of the immune system and enhancement of inadequate immune response in most cancers. STAT members of the family play key roles within the differentiation and activation of DC, a characteristic that’s presently being exploited in DC-based therapies.
- We beforehand reported that the small-molecule Stattic, initially developed as a STAT3-specific inhibitor, additionally inhibits STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation in DC uncovered to cytokines or LPS.
- Purpose of this examine was to research the useful penalties of in vitro remedy with Stattic on DC immunobiology. Apparently, we noticed an reverse impact of Stattic on DC immunophenotype relying on the activation state.
- Whereas the expression of costimulatory, coinhibitory, MHC class II and CD83 molecules was enhanced in immature DC uncovered to Stattic, the LPS induced up-modulation of those molecules was strongly repressed.
- An efficient blockade of LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and capability to stimulate a Th1 polarization was additionally noticed within the presence of Stattic. Our outcomes point out that the immunological penalties of STAT inhibition in DC range relying on the cell activation state.
- This data is of relevance for anticipating potential results of STAT-targeted therapeutics, and pursuing selective DC manipulation in scientific purposes.
Immunobiology of Lengthy Noncoding RNAs.
The invention of lengthy noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) has supplied a brand new perspective on gene regulation in various organic contexts. lncRNAs are remarkably versatile molecules that work together with RNA, DNA, or proteins to advertise or restrain the expression of protein-coding genes.
Activation of immune cells is related to dynamic modifications in expression of genes, the merchandise of which fight infectious microorganisms, provoke restore, and resolve inflammatory responses in cells and tissues.
Latest proof signifies that lncRNAs play vital roles in directing the event of various immune cells and controlling the dynamic transcriptional applications which are a trademark of immune cell activation.
The significance of those molecules is underscored by their newly acknowledged roles in inflammatory ailments. On this evaluate, we talk about the contribution of lncRNAs within the growth and activation of immune cells and their roles in immune-related ailments. We additionally talk about challenges confronted in figuring out organic capabilities for this massive and sophisticated class of genes.
Pathobiology and Immunobiology of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Insights from Animal Fashions
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a uncommon however sight-threatening illness attributable to pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba. Regardless of its ubiquitous nature, the incidence of AK is comparatively low in comparison with different types of infectious keratitis.
Though contact lens put on is a significant danger issue, publicity to contaminated water and ocular trauma are additionally related to AK. As soon as a affected person develops AK the prognosis may be very poor except an aggressive remedy routine is initiated early.
A few of the intriguing options of AK are the shortage of immunological reminiscence, resistance of the dormant cyst kind to remedy, variations between the pathogenic strains and soil isolates of Acanthamoeba and the distinctive function of the innate immune system in controlling this illness.
Understanding the collection of steps concerned within the pathogenesis of the illness and the host immune response in opposition to Acanthamoeba antigens is essential for growing efficient therapeutic methods concentrating on the illness.
Intracellular metabolism is central to cell exercise and performance. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that specific the transcription issue FOXP3 play a pivotal function within the upkeep of immune tolerance to self.
Latest research confirmed that the metabolism and performance of Tregs are influenced considerably by native environmental situations and the supply of sure metabolites. It additionally was reported that outlined metabolic applications affiliate with Treg differentiation, expression of FOXP3, and phenotype stabilization.
This text evaluations how metabolism modulates FOXP3 expression and Treg perform, what environmental components are concerned, and the way metabolic manipulation might alter Treg frequency and performance in physiopathologic situations.
It has been proposed’ that gene-regulatory circuits with nearly any desired property may be constructed from networks of easy regulatory parts. These properties, which embody multistability and oscillations, have been present in specialised gene circuits such because the bacteriophage lambda swap and the Cyanobacteria circadian oscillator.
Nonetheless, these behaviours haven’t been demonstrated in networks of non-specialized regulatory elements. Right here we current the development of a genetic toggle switch-a artificial, bistable gene-regulatory network-in Escherichia coli and supply a easy idea that predicts the situations crucial for bistability.
The toggle is constructed from any two repressible promoters organized in a mutually inhibitory community. It’s flipped between secure states utilizing transient chemical or thermal induction and displays a virtually superb switching threshold. As a sensible machine, the toggle swap varieties an artificial, addressable mobile reminiscence unit and has implications for biotechnology, biocomputing and gene remedy.
 FluoreGuard Mounting Medium |
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| FMM500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 392.4 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium |
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| FMM999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 636 |
 EverBrite Hardset Mounting Medium |
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| 23003 | Biotium | 10mL | EUR 234 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10mL |
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 Anti-Fade Mounting Medium |
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| abx090692-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 243.6 |
 Fluorguard Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| F001 | Insitus Biotechnologies | 1 ml | EUR 103.2 |
) FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 115.2 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH060 | ScyTek Laboratories | 60 ml | EUR 139.2 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 392.4 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 636 |
 FluoroQuest™ Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20004 | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 158.4 |
 EverBrite Hardset Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 23004 | Biotium | 10mL | EUR 255.6 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10mL |
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) Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With DAPI) |
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| abx090690-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 243.6 |
) Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With PI) |
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| abx090691-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 243.6 |
 FluoroQuest™ Anti-fading Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20005 | AAT Bioquest | 20 mL | EUR 211 |
 Mounting Media |
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| 99-MED | Fitzgerald | 3 ml | EUR 253.2 |
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Description: Mounting media for use in microscopy preparations |
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 FluorLast? Mounting Media |
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| 1213-20 | Biovision | EUR 170.4 | |
 MILLIPAK MOUNTING KITT |
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| MPKMNTKIT | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 189.24 |
 Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT2452 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 123.12 |
Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT2456 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 229.14 |
 WALL MOUNTING BRACKET |
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| WMBSMT002 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 157.32 |
 Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM003 | ScyTek Laboratories | 3 ml | EUR 73.2 |
Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 86.4 |
Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 219.6 |
Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 312 |
) Permanent Mounting Media (Aqueous) |
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| PMT030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 130.8 |
Permanent Mounting Media (Aqueous) |
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| PMT999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 910.8 |
 OPTICAP WALL MOUNTING BRACKET |
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| M0PMNTKIT | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 149.34 |
) WALL MOUNTING BRACKET (1) |
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| SYSTFIX01 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 287.28 |
 WALL MOUNTING BRACKET TANKPE100 |
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| TANKFIXS1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 587.1 |
) Wall Mounting Kit (TANK30) |
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| WAT2448 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 115.14 |
) Wall Mounting Kit (TANK60) |
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| WAT2450 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 119.7 |
 Elga Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT4044 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 335.16 |
Elga Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT4046 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 132.24 |
 ReadiUse™ microscope mounting solution |
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| 20009 | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 138 |
 Mounting Bracket For Base MIC2510 |
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| MIC2510 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 79.8 |
) WALL MOUNTING BRACKET (1/P) |
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| TANKFIX01 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 178.98 |
 Elga Flex Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT4170 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 406.98 |
 WALL MOUNTING BRACKET W VALVE |
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| WMBSMT001 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 207.48 |
 MicroRT room temperature mounting kit |
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| RT-T1 | MiTeGen | 1 KIT | EUR 64 |
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Description: MicroRT room temperature mounting kit20 MicroRT tubes, razor blade and grease tube |
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 Advantage Mounting Media, for permanent mounting and Coverslipping IHC & special stains from water, 60ml |
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| NB300 | Innovex | 60 ml | EUR 512.4 |
 Advantage Mounting Media, for permanent mounting and Coverslipping IHC & special stains from water, 30ml |
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| NB300-30 | Innovex | 30 ml | EUR 331.2 |
 Advantage Mounting Media, for permanent mounting and Coverslipping IHC & special stains from water, 125ml |
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| NB300A | Innovex | 125 ml | EUR 651.6 |
) PolyMount Mounting Media MaxTag Histo (OKRA00045) |
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| OKRA00045 | Aviva Systems Biology | 15 ml | EUR 151.2 |
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Description: Description of target: ;Species reactivity: ;Application: ;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: |
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 KL 300 LED Column Mounting Bracket |
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| MIC2528 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 58.14 |
 Holder for water tank for mounting |
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| CHA4068 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 108.3 |
 WALL MOUNTING BRACKET WASHER PUMP KIT |
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| WMBWASH1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 137.94 |
 Fine natural hair brush for mounting sections |
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| PO501 | FD Neurotechnologies | each | EUR 80.4 |
 DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1894.8 |
DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 458.4 |
DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 168 |
 Advanced Medium |
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| C0003-04 | Addexbio | RT 500 mL Bottle | EUR 123.6 |
 Medium 199 |
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| C0012-01 | Addexbio | RT 500 mL Bottle | EUR 126 |
 COLIFORM MEDIUM |
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| C03-127-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1588.8 |
COLIFORM MEDIUM |
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| C03-127-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 392.4 |
COLIFORM MEDIUM |
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| C03-127-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 150 |
 Heller's Medium |
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| CP014-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 118.8 |
Heller's Medium |
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| CP014-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 151.2 |
 Hoagland's Medium |
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| CP015-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 118.8 |
Hoagland's Medium |
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| CP015-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 151.2 |
 A Medium |
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| DJ1018 | Bio Basic | 100g | EUR 101.76 |
 EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 976.8 |
EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 259.2 |
EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 114 |
 NeuroProgenitor Medium |
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| NM42400 | Neuromics | 125 ml | EUR 364.8 |
 HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 2733.6 |
HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 640.8 |
HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 218.4 |
 M9 Medium |
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| SD7024 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 86.1 |
 M9CA Medium |
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| SD7025 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 86.1 |
 YM Medium |
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| SD7031 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 84.54 |
 TYGPN Medium |
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| SD7032 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 84.01 |
 M63 Medium |
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| SD7033 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 86.1 |
 SIM MEDIUM |
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| S19-110-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1225.2 |
SIM MEDIUM |
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| S19-110-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 313.2 |
SIM MEDIUM |
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| S19-110-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 128.4 |
 SOB MEDIUM |
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| S19-124-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1158 |
SOB MEDIUM |
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| S19-124-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 298.8 |
SOB MEDIUM |
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| S19-124-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 124.8 |
 TCBS Medium |
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| MED1188 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK10 | EUR 7.52 |
 DNase Medium |
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| MED1196 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | PK10 | EUR 7.98 |
 OF Medium |
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| MED1664 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500G | EUR 68.4 |
 Insect Cell Medium: TNM-FH Insect Culture Medium |
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| ABP-MED-10001 | Allele Biotech | 1 liter | Ask for price |
