New advances in invasive aspergillosis immunobiology leading the way towards personalized therapeutic approaches
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) stays a devastating illness in immune compromised sufferers regardless of vital advances in our understanding of fungal virulence and host protection mechanisms. On this evaluate, we summarize vital analysis advances within the combat in opposition to IA with specific concentrate on early occasions within the interactions between Aspergillus fumigatus and the host that happen within the respiratory tract.
Advances in understanding mechanisms of immune effector cell recruitment, antifungal effector mechanisms, and the way the dynamic host-fungal interplay alters the native microenvironment to impact outcomes are highlighted.
These advances illustrate thrilling new therapeutic alternatives, but in addition emphasize the significance of understanding every distinctive fungus-host interplay for enhancing affected person outcomes.
The Immunobiology and scientific options of sort 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-1)
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome sort 1 (APS-1) is a subtype of the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome characterised by the simultaneous or sequential dysfunction of a number of endocrine or non-endocrine glands.
A scientific analysis of APS-1 is usually primarily based on the presence of not less than two of three following standards: continual mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency.
The primary recognized causative mutated gene for APS-1 is autoimmune regulator (AIRE) encoding a crucial transcription issue, which is primarily expressed within the medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) for producing central immune tolerance. A variety of continual, debilitating issues, with no apparent correlation with genetics, makes a analysis of APS-1 difficult early within the illness course.
Managing APS-1 is troublesome as a result of its complexity, particularly the intricate relationships inside manifestations and genetic mutations. The previous a long time have witnessed dramatic progress in elucidating the perform of AIRE and conducting large-scale cohort research in APS-1. Nonetheless, no clear evidence-based tips have been established in APS-1.
On this evaluate, we offer an in depth crucial overview of the examine historical past, epidemiology, scientific options, and associated mechanisms of autoimmunity in APS-1, in addition to presently out there therapies for this autoimmune dysfunction.
Twin requirement for STAT signaling in dendritic cell immunobiology
Dendritic cells (DC) signify a gorgeous goal for therapeutic manipulation of the immune system and enhancement of inadequate immune response in most cancers. STAT members of the family play key roles within the differentiation and activation of DC, a characteristic that’s presently being exploited in DC-based therapies.
- We beforehand reported that the small-molecule Stattic, initially developed as a STAT3-specific inhibitor, additionally inhibits STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation in DC uncovered to cytokines or LPS.
- Purpose of this examine was to research the useful penalties of in vitro remedy with Stattic on DC immunobiology. Apparently, we noticed an reverse impact of Stattic on DC immunophenotype relying on the activation state.
- Whereas the expression of costimulatory, coinhibitory, MHC class II and CD83 molecules was enhanced in immature DC uncovered to Stattic, the LPS induced up-modulation of those molecules was strongly repressed.
- An efficient blockade of LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and capability to stimulate a Th1 polarization was additionally noticed within the presence of Stattic. Our outcomes point out that the immunological penalties of STAT inhibition in DC range relying on the cell activation state.
- This data is of relevance for anticipating potential results of STAT-targeted therapeutics, and pursuing selective DC manipulation in scientific purposes.
Immunobiology of Lengthy Noncoding RNAs.
The invention of lengthy noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) has supplied a brand new perspective on gene regulation in various organic contexts. lncRNAs are remarkably versatile molecules that work together with RNA, DNA, or proteins to advertise or restrain the expression of protein-coding genes.
Activation of immune cells is related to dynamic modifications in expression of genes, the merchandise of which fight infectious microorganisms, provoke restore, and resolve inflammatory responses in cells and tissues.
Latest proof signifies that lncRNAs play vital roles in directing the event of various immune cells and controlling the dynamic transcriptional applications which are a trademark of immune cell activation.
The significance of those molecules is underscored by their newly acknowledged roles in inflammatory ailments. On this evaluate, we talk about the contribution of lncRNAs within the growth and activation of immune cells and their roles in immune-related ailments. We additionally talk about challenges confronted in figuring out organic capabilities for this massive and sophisticated class of genes.
Pathobiology and Immunobiology of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Insights from Animal Fashions
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a uncommon however sight-threatening illness attributable to pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba. Regardless of its ubiquitous nature, the incidence of AK is comparatively low in comparison with different types of infectious keratitis.
Though contact lens put on is a significant danger issue, publicity to contaminated water and ocular trauma are additionally related to AK. As soon as a affected person develops AK the prognosis may be very poor except an aggressive remedy routine is initiated early.
A few of the intriguing options of AK are the shortage of immunological reminiscence, resistance of the dormant cyst kind to remedy, variations between the pathogenic strains and soil isolates of Acanthamoeba and the distinctive function of the innate immune system in controlling this illness.
Understanding the collection of steps concerned within the pathogenesis of the illness and the host immune response in opposition to Acanthamoeba antigens is essential for growing efficient therapeutic methods concentrating on the illness.
Intracellular metabolism is central to cell exercise and performance. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that specific the transcription issue FOXP3 play a pivotal function within the upkeep of immune tolerance to self.
Latest research confirmed that the metabolism and performance of Tregs are influenced considerably by native environmental situations and the supply of sure metabolites. It additionally was reported that outlined metabolic applications affiliate with Treg differentiation, expression of FOXP3, and phenotype stabilization.
This text evaluations how metabolism modulates FOXP3 expression and Treg perform, what environmental components are concerned, and the way metabolic manipulation might alter Treg frequency and performance in physiopathologic situations.
It has been proposed’ that gene-regulatory circuits with nearly any desired property may be constructed from networks of easy regulatory parts. These properties, which embody multistability and oscillations, have been present in specialised gene circuits such because the bacteriophage lambda swap and the Cyanobacteria circadian oscillator.
Nonetheless, these behaviours haven’t been demonstrated in networks of non-specialized regulatory elements. Right here we current the development of a genetic toggle switch-a artificial, bistable gene-regulatory network-in Escherichia coli and supply a easy idea that predicts the situations crucial for bistability.
The toggle is constructed from any two repressible promoters organized in a mutually inhibitory community. It’s flipped between secure states utilizing transient chemical or thermal induction and displays a virtually superb switching threshold. As a sensible machine, the toggle swap varieties an artificial, addressable mobile reminiscence unit and has implications for biotechnology, biocomputing and gene remedy.
 FluoreGuard Mounting Medium |
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| FMM999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 530 |
 SuperMOUNT? Mounting Medium |
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| 1211-20 | Biovision | EUR 201 | |
 Fluorguard Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| F001 | Insitus Biotechnologies | 1 ml | EUR 86 |
 EverBrite Hardset Mounting Medium |
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| 23003 | Biotium | 10mL | EUR 195 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10mL |
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 Anti-Fade Mounting Medium |
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| abx090692-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 203 |
 EverBrite Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 23002 | Biotium | 10mL | EUR 195 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10mL |
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) FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 96 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH060 | ScyTek Laboratories | 60 ml | EUR 116 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 327 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 530 |
 FluoroQuest™ Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20004 | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 132 |
 EverBrite Hardset Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 23004 | Biotium | 10mL | EUR 213 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10mL |
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) Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With DAPI) |
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| abx090690-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 203 |
) Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With PI) |
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| abx090691-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 203 |
 Mounting Media |
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| 99-MED | Fitzgerald | 3 ml | EUR 211 |
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Description: Mounting media for use in microscopy preparations |
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 FluorLast? Mounting Media |
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| 1213-20 | Biovision | EUR 142 | |
) Permanent Mounting Media (Aqueous) |
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| PMT030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 109 |
Permanent Mounting Media (Aqueous) |
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| PMT999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 759 |
 Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM003 | ScyTek Laboratories | 3 ml | EUR 61 |
Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 72 |
Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 183 |
Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 260 |
 ReadiUse™ microscope mounting solution |
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| 20009 | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 115 |
 Advantage Mounting Media, for permanent mounting and Coverslipping IHC & special stains from water, 60ml |
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| NB300 | Innovex | 60 ml | EUR 427 |
 Advantage Mounting Media, for permanent mounting and Coverslipping IHC & special stains from water, 30ml |
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| NB300-30 | Innovex | 30 ml | EUR 276 |
 Advantage Mounting Media, for permanent mounting and Coverslipping IHC & special stains from water, 125ml |
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| NB300A | Innovex | 125 ml | EUR 543 |
) PolyMount Mounting Media MaxTag Histo (OKRA00045) |
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| OKRA00045 | Aviva Systems Biology | 15 ml | EUR 126 |
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Description: Description of target: ;Species reactivity: ;Application: ;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: |
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 Fine natural hair brush for mounting sections |
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| PO501 | FD Neurotechnologies | each | EUR 67 |
 M9CA Medium |
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| SD7025 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 71.75 |
 YM Medium |
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| SD7031 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 70.45 |
 TYGPN Medium |
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| SD7032 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 70.01 |
 M63 Medium |
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| SD7033 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 71.75 |
 M9 Medium |
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| SD7024 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 71.75 |
 A Medium |
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| DJ1018 | Bio Basic | 100g | EUR 84.8 |
 NeuroProgenitor Medium |
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| NM42400 | Neuromics | 125 ml | EUR 304 |
 Heller's Medium |
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| CP014-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 99 |
Heller's Medium |
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| CP014-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 126 |
 Hoagland's Medium |
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| CP015-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 99 |
Hoagland's Medium |
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| CP015-500 | GenDepot | 50L | EUR 126 |
 Advanced Medium |
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| C0003-04 | Addexbio | RT 500 mL Bottle | EUR 103 |
 Medium 199 |
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| C0012-01 | Addexbio | RT 500 mL Bottle | EUR 105 |
 DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1579 |
DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 382 |
DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 140 |
 HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 2278 |
HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 534 |
HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 182 |
 EC MEDIUM |
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EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 216 |
EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 95 |
 COLIFORM MEDIUM |
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| C03-127-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1324 |
COLIFORM MEDIUM |
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| C03-127-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 327 |
COLIFORM MEDIUM |
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| C03-127-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 125 |
 SIM MEDIUM |
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| S19-110-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1021 |
SIM MEDIUM |
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| S19-110-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 261 |
SIM MEDIUM |
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| S19-110-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 107 |
 SOB MEDIUM |
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| S19-124-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 965 |
SOB MEDIUM |
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| S19-124-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 249 |
SOB MEDIUM |
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| S19-124-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 104 |
 Probe Mount, Permanent Mounting media for permanent mounting and coverslipping of Special stainsd & Immunofluorescence and In-Situ Stains 60ml |
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| NB316 | Innovex | 60 ml | EUR 485 |
 Insect Cell Medium: TNM-FH Insect Culture Medium |
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| ABP-MED-10001 | Allele Biotech | 1 liter | Ask for price |
 Insect Cell Medium: Serum-Free Insect Culture Medium |
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| ABP-MED-10002 | Allele Biotech | 1 liter | Ask for price |
) Insect Cell Medium: Grace?s Insect Medium (Unsupplemented) |
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| ABP-MED-10004 | Allele Biotech | 1 liter | Ask for price |
 H Medium Broth |
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| DJ1019 | Bio Basic | 100g | EUR 60.88 |
 Agarose, medium EEO |
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| GE4750-100G | Glentham Life Sciences | 100 g | EUR 166 |
Agarose, medium EEO |
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| GE4750-500G | Glentham Life Sciences | 500 g | EUR 429 |
 Schwann Growth Medium |
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| SGM001 | Neuromics | 500 ml | EUR 244 |
 Hepatocyte Maintenance Medium |
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| HM42600 | Neuromics | 100 ml | EUR 409 |
 Neuron Growth Medium |
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| HNM001 | Neuromics | 500 ml | EUR 331 |
 MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | EUR 85 |
MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-300 | GenDepot | 6x500ml | EUR 165 |
MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-310 | GenDepot | 10x500ml | EUR 219 |
MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-320 | GenDepot | 20x500ml | EUR 340 |
MCDB 131 Medium |
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| CM034-350 | GenDepot | 50x500ml | EUR 585 |
 Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-050 | GenDepot | 500ml | EUR 91 |
Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-300 | GenDepot | 6x500ml | EUR 266 |
Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-310 | GenDepot | 10x500ml | EUR 313 |
Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-320 | GenDepot | 20x500ml | EUR 604 |
Williams' Medium E |
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| CM063-350 | GenDepot | 50x500ml | EUR 975 |
 Cereal Crops Medium |
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| CP003-005 | GenDepot | 5L | EUR 113 |
Cereal Crops Medium |
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| CP003-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 169 |
 Kao Michayluk Medium |
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| CP017-010 | GenDepot | 10X1L | EUR 99 |
