New advances in invasive aspergillosis immunobiology leading the way towards personalized therapeutic approaches
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) stays a devastating illness in immune compromised sufferers regardless of vital advances in our understanding of fungal virulence and host protection mechanisms. On this evaluate, we summarize vital analysis advances within the combat in opposition to IA with specific concentrate on early occasions within the interactions between Aspergillus fumigatus and the host that happen within the respiratory tract.
Advances in understanding mechanisms of immune effector cell recruitment, antifungal effector mechanisms, and the way the dynamic host-fungal interplay alters the native microenvironment to impact outcomes are highlighted.
These advances illustrate thrilling new therapeutic alternatives, but in addition emphasize the significance of understanding every distinctive fungus-host interplay for enhancing affected person outcomes.
The Immunobiology and scientific options of sort 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS-1)
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome sort 1 (APS-1) is a subtype of the autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome characterised by the simultaneous or sequential dysfunction of a number of endocrine or non-endocrine glands.
A scientific analysis of APS-1 is usually primarily based on the presence of not less than two of three following standards: continual mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency.
The primary recognized causative mutated gene for APS-1 is autoimmune regulator (AIRE) encoding a crucial transcription issue, which is primarily expressed within the medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) for producing central immune tolerance. A variety of continual, debilitating issues, with no apparent correlation with genetics, makes a analysis of APS-1 difficult early within the illness course.
Managing APS-1 is troublesome as a result of its complexity, particularly the intricate relationships inside manifestations and genetic mutations. The previous a long time have witnessed dramatic progress in elucidating the perform of AIRE and conducting large-scale cohort research in APS-1. Nonetheless, no clear evidence-based tips have been established in APS-1.
On this evaluate, we offer an in depth crucial overview of the examine historical past, epidemiology, scientific options, and associated mechanisms of autoimmunity in APS-1, in addition to presently out there therapies for this autoimmune dysfunction.
Twin requirement for STAT signaling in dendritic cell immunobiology
Dendritic cells (DC) signify a gorgeous goal for therapeutic manipulation of the immune system and enhancement of inadequate immune response in most cancers. STAT members of the family play key roles within the differentiation and activation of DC, a characteristic that’s presently being exploited in DC-based therapies.
- We beforehand reported that the small-molecule Stattic, initially developed as a STAT3-specific inhibitor, additionally inhibits STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation in DC uncovered to cytokines or LPS.
- Purpose of this examine was to research the useful penalties of in vitro remedy with Stattic on DC immunobiology. Apparently, we noticed an reverse impact of Stattic on DC immunophenotype relying on the activation state.
- Whereas the expression of costimulatory, coinhibitory, MHC class II and CD83 molecules was enhanced in immature DC uncovered to Stattic, the LPS induced up-modulation of those molecules was strongly repressed.
- An efficient blockade of LPS-induced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and capability to stimulate a Th1 polarization was additionally noticed within the presence of Stattic. Our outcomes point out that the immunological penalties of STAT inhibition in DC range relying on the cell activation state.
- This data is of relevance for anticipating potential results of STAT-targeted therapeutics, and pursuing selective DC manipulation in scientific purposes.
Immunobiology of Lengthy Noncoding RNAs.
The invention of lengthy noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) has supplied a brand new perspective on gene regulation in various organic contexts. lncRNAs are remarkably versatile molecules that work together with RNA, DNA, or proteins to advertise or restrain the expression of protein-coding genes.
Activation of immune cells is related to dynamic modifications in expression of genes, the merchandise of which fight infectious microorganisms, provoke restore, and resolve inflammatory responses in cells and tissues.
Latest proof signifies that lncRNAs play vital roles in directing the event of various immune cells and controlling the dynamic transcriptional applications which are a trademark of immune cell activation.
The significance of those molecules is underscored by their newly acknowledged roles in inflammatory ailments. On this evaluate, we talk about the contribution of lncRNAs within the growth and activation of immune cells and their roles in immune-related ailments. We additionally talk about challenges confronted in figuring out organic capabilities for this massive and sophisticated class of genes.
Pathobiology and Immunobiology of Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Insights from Animal Fashions
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a uncommon however sight-threatening illness attributable to pathogenic species of Acanthamoeba. Regardless of its ubiquitous nature, the incidence of AK is comparatively low in comparison with different types of infectious keratitis.
Though contact lens put on is a significant danger issue, publicity to contaminated water and ocular trauma are additionally related to AK. As soon as a affected person develops AK the prognosis may be very poor except an aggressive remedy routine is initiated early.
A few of the intriguing options of AK are the shortage of immunological reminiscence, resistance of the dormant cyst kind to remedy, variations between the pathogenic strains and soil isolates of Acanthamoeba and the distinctive function of the innate immune system in controlling this illness.
Understanding the collection of steps concerned within the pathogenesis of the illness and the host immune response in opposition to Acanthamoeba antigens is essential for growing efficient therapeutic methods concentrating on the illness.
Intracellular metabolism is central to cell exercise and performance. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that specific the transcription issue FOXP3 play a pivotal function within the upkeep of immune tolerance to self.
Latest research confirmed that the metabolism and performance of Tregs are influenced considerably by native environmental situations and the supply of sure metabolites. It additionally was reported that outlined metabolic applications affiliate with Treg differentiation, expression of FOXP3, and phenotype stabilization.
This text evaluations how metabolism modulates FOXP3 expression and Treg perform, what environmental components are concerned, and the way metabolic manipulation might alter Treg frequency and performance in physiopathologic situations.
It has been proposed’ that gene-regulatory circuits with nearly any desired property may be constructed from networks of easy regulatory parts. These properties, which embody multistability and oscillations, have been present in specialised gene circuits such because the bacteriophage lambda swap and the Cyanobacteria circadian oscillator.
Nonetheless, these behaviours haven’t been demonstrated in networks of non-specialized regulatory elements. Right here we current the development of a genetic toggle switch-a artificial, bistable gene-regulatory network-in Escherichia coli and supply a easy idea that predicts the situations crucial for bistability.
The toggle is constructed from any two repressible promoters organized in a mutually inhibitory community. It’s flipped between secure states utilizing transient chemical or thermal induction and displays a virtually superb switching threshold. As a sensible machine, the toggle swap varieties an artificial, addressable mobile reminiscence unit and has implications for biotechnology, biocomputing and gene remedy.
) FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 115.2 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH060 | ScyTek Laboratories | 60 ml | EUR 139.2 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 392.4 |
FluoreGuard Mounting Medium (Hard Set) |
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| FMH999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 636 |
 FluoroQuestâ„¢ Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20004-50mL | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 109 |
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Description: FluoroQuest™ with DAPI is an aqueous mounting medium for preserving fluorescence of tissue and cell smears. |
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 Mounting Medium |
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| 4300 | Virostat | 3 ml | EUR 216.6 |
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Description: This is Mounting medium (non-fading) used for maintaining optimal conditions needed to obtain the maximum fluorescence emission from Fluorescein. |
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 FluoroQuestâ„¢ PLUS Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| 20008-5mL | AAT Bioquest | 5 mL | EUR 129 |
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Description: FluoroQuestâ„¢ PLUS Antifade Mounting Medium, the latest breakthrough in non-setting media technology, provides unparalleled protection against fading throughout the visible spectrum, including far-red wavelengths. |
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 FluoroQuest™ Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20004 | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 109 |
 Pertex Mounting Medium |
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| RRSP008-01 | Atom Scientific | 1L | EUR 42.08 |
Pertex Mounting Medium |
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| RRSP008-11 | Atom Scientific | 500ml | EUR 27.33 |
 Aqueous Mounting Medium |
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| AR1018 | BosterBio | 10mL X5 (Enough for 800-1200 assays) | EUR 96 |
 Antifade Mounting Medium |
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| AR1109 | BosterBio | 10mL (for 1000 assays) | EUR 78 |
 SuperMOUNT? Mounting Medium |
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| 1211-20 | Biovision | each | EUR 241.2 |
 FluoroQuestâ„¢ Anti-fading Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20005-20mL | AAT Bioquest | 20 mL | EUR 211 |
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Description: FluoroQuest™ with DAPI is an aqueous mounting medium for preserving fluorescence of tissue and cell smears. |
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 FluoroQuest™ Anti-fading Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 20005 | AAT Bioquest | 20 mL | EUR 211 |
 Anti-Fade Mounting Medium |
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| abx090692-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 243.6 |
 EverBrite Hardset Mounting Medium |
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| 23003 | Biotium | 10mL | EUR 234 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10mL |
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) Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With PI) |
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| abx090691-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 243.6 |
) Anti-Fade Mounting Medium (With DAPI) |
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| abx090690-10ml | Abbexa | 10 ml | EUR 243.6 |
 EverBrite Hardset Mounting Medium with DAPI |
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| 23004 | Biotium | 10mL | EUR 255.6 |
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Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 10mL |
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 FluorLast? Mounting Media |
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| 1213-20 | Biovision | each | EUR 170.4 |
 Mounting Media |
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| 99-MED | Fitzgerald | 3 ml | EUR 253.2 |
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Description: Mounting media for use in microscopy preparations |
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 Advantage Mounting Media for permanent mounting/co |
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| NB300 | Innovex | 60 ml | EUR 355 |
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Description: Advantage Mounting Media for permanent mounting/coverslipping of IHC & ICC and special stains from water, 60 ml |
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Advantage Mounting Media for permanent mounting/co |
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| NB300-30 | Innovex | 30 ml | EUR 225 |
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Description: Advantage Mounting Media for permanent mounting/coverslipping of IHC & ICC and special stains from water, 30 ml |
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Advantage Mounting Media for permanent mounting/co |
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| NB300A | Innovex | 125 ml | EUR 465 |
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Description: Advantage Mounting Media for permanent mounting/coverslipping of IHC & ICC and special stains from water, 125 ml |
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) PI in Fluorguard (0.3 µg/ml) |
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| F101 | Insitus Biotechnologies | 1 ml | EUR 103.2 |
) PI in Fluorguard (0.4 µg/ml) |
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| F102 | Insitus Biotechnologies | 1 ml | EUR 103.2 |
) PI in Fluorguard (0.5 µg/ml) |
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| F103 | Insitus Biotechnologies | 1 ml | EUR 103.2 |
) PI in Fluorguard (1 µg/ml) |
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| F104 | Insitus Biotechnologies | 1 ml | EUR 103.2 |
) Permanent Mounting Media (Aqueous) |
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| PMT030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 130.8 |
Permanent Mounting Media (Aqueous) |
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| PMT999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 910.8 |
 Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM003 | ScyTek Laboratories | 3 ml | EUR 73.2 |
Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM030 | ScyTek Laboratories | 30 ml | EUR 86.4 |
Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM500 | ScyTek Laboratories | 500 ml | EUR 219.6 |
Buffered Glycerol Mounting Media |
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| GMM999 | ScyTek Laboratories | 1000 ml | EUR 312 |
 Probe Mount, Permanent Mounting media for permanen |
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| NB316 | Innovex | 60 ml | EUR 385 |
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Description: Probe Mount, Permanent Mounting media for permanent mounting and coverslipping of Special stainsd & Immunofluorescence and In-Situ Stains FROM WATER, 60 ml |
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Probe Mount, Permanent Mounting media for permanen |
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| NB316-30 | Innovex | 30 ml | EUR 275 |
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Description: Probe Mount, Permanent Mounting media for permanent mounting and coverslipping of Special stainsd & Immunofluorescence and In-Situ Stains FROM WATER, 30 ml |
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) PolyMount Mounting Media MaxTag Histo (OKRA00045) |
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| OKRA00045 | Aviva Systems Biology | 15 ml | EUR 151.2 |
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Description: Description of target: ;Species reactivity: ;Application: ;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: |
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 H&E Mount, Permanent Mountindg media for mounting |
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| NB315 | Innovex | 125 ml | EUR 375 |
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Description: H&E Mount, Permanent Mountindg media for mounting H&E stains from water, 125 ml (Large volume) |
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H&E Mount, Permanent Mountindg media for mounting |
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| NB315-40 | Innovex | 40 ml | EUR 195 |
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Description: H&E Mount, Permanent Mountindg media for mounting H&E stains from water, 40 ml (Small volume) |
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 Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT2452 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 160.59 |
Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT2456 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 297.68 |
 WALL MOUNTING BRACKET |
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| WMBSMT002 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 211.51 |
 MILLIPAK MOUNTING KITT |
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| MPKMNTKIT | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 251.98 |
 Elga Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT4044 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 383.85 |
Elga Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT4046 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 151.45 |
) WALL MOUNTING BRACKET (1) |
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| SYSTFIX01 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 382.54 |
) Wall Mounting Kit (TANK30) |
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| WAT2448 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 150.14 |
) Wall Mounting Kit (TANK60) |
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| WAT2450 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 156.67 |
 OPTICAP WALL MOUNTING BRACKET |
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| M0PMNTKIT | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 199.76 |
) WALL MOUNTING BRACKET (1/P) |
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| TANKFIX01 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 238.92 |
 Elga Flex Wall Mounting Kit |
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| WAT4170 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 466.1 |
 WALL MOUNTING BRACKET TANKPE100 |
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| TANKFIXS1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 782.05 |
 WALL MOUNTING BRACKET W VALVE |
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| WMBSMT001 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 278.09 |
 Mounting Bracket For Base MIC2510 |
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| MIC2510 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 105.6 |
 ReadiUseâ„¢ microscope mounting solution |
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| 20009-50mL | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 86 |
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Description: The mounting medium is the solution in which the specimen is embedded, generally under a cover glass. |
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 Holder for water tank for mounting |
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| CHA4068 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 147.6 |
 KL 300 LED Column Mounting Bracket |
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| MIC2528 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 80.4 |
 WALL MOUNTING BRACKET WASHER PUMP KIT |
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| WMBWASH1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 186.7 |
 ReadiUse™ microscope mounting solution |
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| 20009 | AAT Bioquest | 50 mL | EUR 86 |
 Fine natural hair brush for mounting sections |
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| PO501 | FD Neurotechnologies | each | EUR 80.4 |
10 B3S-R resuable bases (GB-B3S-R-10)10 magnetic Cryovials (CV-10)1 MicroRT room temperature mounting kit (RT-T1)1 gel-loading pipette tip1 LV) Crystallography Starter Kit contains: 20 Dual Thickenss MicroMounts Medium Aperture Assortment (M2-L18SP-A2) 10 B3S-R resuable bases (GB-B3S-R-10) 10 magnetic Cryovials (CV-10) 1 MicroRT room temperature mounting kit (RT-T1) 1 gel-loading pipette tip 1 LV |
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| CSK-2 | MiTeGen | 1 KIT | EUR 537 |
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Description: Crystallography Starter Kitcontains:20 Dual Thickenss MicroMounts Medium Aperture Assortment (M2-L18SP-A2)10 B3S-R resuable bases (GB-B3S-R-10)10 magnetic Cryovials (CV-10)1 MicroRT room temperature mounting kit (RT-T1)1 gel-loading pipette tip1 LV CryoOil (LVCO-1) 1 1 serrated-end tweezers (TW-1)1 detailed instruction manual |
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 MicroRT room temperature mounting kit 20 MicroRT tubes, razor blade and grease tube |
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| RT-T1 | MiTeGen | 1 KIT | EUR 64 |
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Description: MicroRT room temperature mounting kit20 MicroRT tubes, razor blade and grease tube |
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 Magnetic platform, includes 4 metal mounting strips, accessory for Piggy? Tube Rotator |
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| ACT-1040-6 | ACTGene | each | EUR 356.4 |
 Fluid Thio Medium 500gm |
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| 225650 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 139.2 |
 Medium 199 |
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| C0012-01 | Addexbio | RT 500 mL Bottle | EUR 126 |
 MicroMount Medium Aperture Assortment - 5 each of 75, 100, 150 and 200 micron aperture mounts; mounted on 18 mm rods |
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| M2-L18SP-A2 | MiTeGen | 20 MOUNTS | EUR 112 |
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Description: MicroMount Medium Aperture Assortment - 5 each of 75, 100, 150 and 200 micron aperture mounts; mounted on 18 mm rods |
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 FLUID THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM |
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| F06-101-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 950.4 |
FLUID THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM |
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| F06-101-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 253.2 |
FLUID THIOGLYCOLLATE MEDIUM |
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| F06-101-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 112.8 |
) Fluid Thiogly Medium (USP) |
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| MED1472 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 80.4 |
 DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 1894.8 |
DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-2kg | Alphabiosciences | 2kg | EUR 458.4 |
DC MEDIUM |
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| D04-117-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 168 |
 A Medium |
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| DJ1018 | Bio Basic | 100g | EUR 101.76 |
 EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 976.8 |
EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-2Kg | Alphabiosciences | 2 Kg | EUR 259.2 |
EC MEDIUM |
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| E05-100-500g | Alphabiosciences | 500 g | EUR 114 |
 OF Medium |
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| MED1664 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500G | EUR 79.2 |
 M9 Medium |
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| SD7024 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 86.1 |
 YM Medium |
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| SD7031 | Bio Basic | 250g | EUR 84.54 |
 HLP MEDIUM |
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| H08-107-10kg | Alphabiosciences | 10 kg | EUR 2733.6 |
